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Brownback trevally
The brownback trevally, ''Carangoides praeustus'' (also known as the brown-backed trevally), is a species of small inshore marine fish classified in the jack family, Carangidae. The brownback trevally is distributed in two populations through the tropical waters of the Indo-west Pacific region, ranging from the Persian Gulf east to India, South East Asia and the Indonesian islands. The species is distinguished from similar species by its completely scaled breast and black-tipped second dorsal fin, and is known to reach a maximum length of 25 cm. The brownback trevally inhabits inshore waters including bays and estuaries, where it preys on demersal crustaceans and small fish. Other aspects of its biology are poorly known, and it is of minor importance to fisheries, occasionally caught by hook and line or trawls. William Smith-Vaniz has recently suggested the two distinct populations may actually represent two distinct species.
==Taxonomy and naming==
The brownback trevally is classified within the genus ''Carangoides'', one of a number of groups of fish referred to as jacks and trevallies. ''Carangoides'' is further classified in the family Carangidae, itself part of the suborder Percoidei and the order Perciformes; the perch-like fishes.
The species was first scientifically described by an unknown author in a publication entitled 'Memoir of the Life and Public Services of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles', in which a chapter was dedicated to fish specimens Raffles had collected. The author is usually presumed to be the English zoologist Edward Turner Bennett, but due to a lack of evidence to support this, his name is placed in parentheses as required by the ICZN code. The species was here published under the name of ''Caranx praeustus'', with the holotype collected from Sumatra, Indonesia. This classification was later changed to the genus ''Carangoides'' by Pieter Bleeker, where it has remained.〔 Two junior synonyms have been applied to the species, ''Caranx ire'' and ''Caranx melanostethos'', which are invalid under ICZN rules. The species specific epithet ''praeustus'' is Latin; meaning "burnt at the tip", in reference to its black dorsal lobe.
In the last revision of the carangids of the Indo-Pacific, William Smith-Vaniz found that the two separate populations have differing gill raker counts and breast squamation, leading him to suggest the possibility of these being two separate species. If further study indicates these are two separate species, the name ''Carangoides ire'' should be reinstated, as Georges Cuvier described a fish from this second western Indian Ocean population as ''Caranx ire''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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